![]() Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating and autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) that is classically characterized by demyelination and neuroaxonal degeneration ( 1). Harnessing the knowledge of iron metabolism may aid in the discovery of new molecular targets and in the development of new drugs that tackle MS and other diseases that share similar pathophysiology. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to revise the state-of-art regarding the role of iron metabolism in cells of key importance to MS pathophysiology, such as pathogenic CD4 + T cells and CNS resident cells. In this regard, iron, the most abundant chemical element on Earth, has been implicated in the development of pathogenic T lymphocytes and in MS development via its effects on neurons and glia. Although the factors and molecules that drive the genesis of these cells are not completely known, some were discovered and shown to promote the development of such cells, such as dietary factors. Multiple sclerosis is a severe demyelinating disease mediated by cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, especially pathogenic T lymphocytes that produce the pro-inflammatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). 5National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.4Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil.3Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.2Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.1Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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